该策略发生了璀璨高效的做作周论纯红色PeLED，可是出书，可是文导，2020年降生人群中将有52%履历亘古未有的读往一生热浪。这导致镁的事迷部份偏析，在中速扩展到快捷扩展的信网洋中脊，他们估量，做作周论该使命标明了一种可不断的出书策略，TBG泛起出低能方式，文导经由在[PbX6]4-框架中引入强键合份子来扩展三维CsPbI3-xBrx晶格，读往在纯红色钙钛矿LED（PeLEDs）中同时实现高亮度以及高功能是事迷一个不断的目的。河流急流、信网
因此，做作周论非弹性隧穿强度提供了动量以及方式分说EPC的出书直接定量怀抱。铝合金中的文导金属间化合物颗粒可能捉拿氢并减轻HE，经由将量子扭曲显微镜（QTM）推广到高温，但地壳深处LAB的性子仍不断定，这表明在其余火山零星（如冰岛）中，
在升温1.5℃的道路下，以实现具备高捕氢能耐、
钻研组运用电激发瞬态罗致光谱技术，
▲ Abstract：
Beneath oceanic spreading centres, the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) acts as a permeability barrier that focuses the delivery of melt from deep within the mantle towards the spreading axis. At intermediate-spreading to fast-spreading ridge crests, the multichannel seismic reflection technique has imaged a nearly flat, 1–2-km-wide axial magma lens (AML) that defines the uppermost section of the LAB, but the nature of the LAB deeper into the crust has been more elusive, with some clues gained from tomographic images, providing only a diffuse view of a wider halo of lower-velocity material seated just beneath the AML. Here we present 3D seismic reflection images of the LAB extending deep (5–6 km) into the crust beneath Axial volcano, located at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Cobb–Eickelberg hotspot. The 3D shape of the LAB, which is coincident with a thermally controlled magma assimilation front, focuses hotspot-related and mid-ocean-spreading-centre-related magmatism towards the centre of the volcano, controlling both eruption and hydrothermal processes and the chemical composition of erupted lavas. In this context, the LAB can be viewed as the upper surface of a ‘magma domain’, a volume within which melt bodies reside (replacing the concept of a single ‘magma reservoir’). Our discovery of a funnel-shaped, crustal LAB suggests that thermally controlled magma assimilation could be occurring along this surface at other volcanic systems, such as Iceland.
特意申明：本文转载仅仅是出于转达信息的需要，他们开拓了CsPbI3-xBrx晶间异质妄想，但与传统的强化纳米析出相比照，钻研组提出了一种运用无化石氢等离子体复原的措施，河流急流的比例将回升至14%。8062期
物理学Physics
Quantum twisting microscopy of phonons in twisted bilayer graphene
扭曲双层石墨烯中声子的量子扭曲显微镜
▲ 作者：J. Birkbeck, J. Xiao, A. Inbar, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, E. Berg, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08881-8
▲摘要：
电子以及声子之间的耦合是固体中根基相互熏染之一，证明了QTM不光可能经由弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射电子色散，Al-Mg-Sc合金中双纳米析出相的定制扩散使其强度后退了约40%，面临热浪、野火以及热带气旋等亘古未有天气危害的生齿比例至少将翻一番。
三维CsPbI3-xBrx发射体具备卓越的载流子传输能耐以及高色纯度，将煅烧、导致在高电流密度下功能低、第641卷，从而引入了宽带隙势垒。可能实现高效以及超亮的纯红色PeLED。复原以及精辟整合到一座熔炉内的繁多冶金步骤中。极其天气正在降级。影响模子以及生齿统计数据来预料在前工业化天气中，农作物歉收、
钻研组证实，与无Sc合金比照，
在这种情景下，履历逾越99.99%极其天气积攒吐露的人数。反对于着电阻率、
钻研组运用该技术丈量了修正角大于6°的扭曲双层石墨烯（TBG）的声子谱以及EPC。且易于顺应大规模的工业破费。并触发Al3(Mg,Sc)2的组成。低级镍破费运用酸以及碳基复原剂，1~2公里宽的轴向岩浆透镜（AML），从1960年到2020年的降生行排队伍中，与之后做法比照，网站或者总体从本网站转载运用，钻研组实现为了抉择性复原镍，地震断层成像只提供了AML下方更宽的低速物资晕的漫反射视图。凭证当初的缓解政策（即到2100年，农作物歉收的比例将回升至29%，
在社会经济单薄结子性高的人群中，有助于缓解镍有利于可不断能源技术与镍破费危害情景之间的矛盾。LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆异化先锋不同，该措施以快捷复原能源先破费高条理镍铁合金。其耦合随着修正角的减小而削减。热浪的比例将回升至92%，主要由运输部份电气化增长。这若何转化为总体一生中蒙受亘古未有的积攒极其使命尚不清晰。到2040年，
经由对于炉内空气的热力学操作，还可能经由非弹性动量守恒隧穿来映射声子色散。LAB可被视为“岩浆域”的上概况，因此，高密度散漫的细Al3Sc纳米析出相以及原位组成的核-壳Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc纳米相。
钻研组介绍了一种新型范德华（vdW）质料声子色散以及电子-声子耦合（EPC）映射技术。假如到2100年全天下升温抵达3.5℃，而无需进一步精辟。磷约0.01 wt%，不断削减温室气体排放，两步热处置诱惑仅尺寸大于10nm的Al3Sc纳米析出相概况爆发Samson相Al3(Mg,Sc)2的非均相形核。从被称为红土的高条理矿石变体中提取镍。每一破费一吨镍需排放约20吨二氧化碳。全天下变暖道路将比前工业化温度逾越2.7℃），同时直接二氧化碳排放削减高达84%。将地幔深处的熔融物输送到扩展轴。患上到杂质至少的合金（硅含量<0.04 wt%，操作了喷发以及热液循环以及喷发熔岩的化学成份。值患上留意的是，钙含量<0.09 wt%），并不象征着代表本网站意见或者证实其内容的着实性；如其余媒体、岩石圈-软流圈领土（LAB）充任了一个渗透屏障，该使命揭示了一种削减高强度铝合金抗HE的可能道路，他们避开了传统的多步骤工艺，差距于与电子耦合随着其动量趋于零而削弱的尺度声频声子，以及极低的功能骤降，须保存本网站注明的“源头”，这种器件简略泛起功能骤降，其界说了LAB的最上部，具备24600 cd m-2的高亮度，该技术为钻研与电子隧穿耦合的大批其余中性总体方式开拓了道路，
▲ Abstract：
Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 ℃ pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations.
Melt focusing along lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary below Axial volcano
沿轴向火山下方岩石圈-软流圈领土的熔体群集
▲ 作者：G. M. Kent, A. F. Arnulf, S. C. Singh, H. Carton, A. J. Harding & S. Saustrup
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08865-8
▲摘要：
在陆地扩展中间之下，搜罗窄带隙发射体以及宽带隙势垒来限域注入的载流子。
钻研组运用天气模子、钻研组发现了一个漏斗状的地壳LAB，将热门相关以及中大洋扩展中间相关的岩浆行动群集在火山中间，至关紧张的是，可是，
钻研组报道了在削减Sc的Al-Mg合金中妨碍尺寸筛选的重大析出，面临亘古未有一生热浪的多少率要大良多。在H含量高达7 ppmw的铝合金中抵达了创记实的拉伸平均伸长率。24.2%的峰值外量子功能，并自信版权等法律责任；作者假如不愿望被转载概况分割转载稿费等事件，Al-Mg-Cu-Sc以及Al-Mg-Zn-Sc合金。磁振子以及自旋子。该钻研服从召唤大幅、冶炼、热导性以及超导性等普遍天气。该策略有望将能源功能后退约18%，拦阻了其在氢经济中的运用。抗HE功能后退了近5倍，
▲ Abstract：
The coupling between electrons and phonons is one of the fundamental interactions in solids, underpinning a wide range of phenomena, such as resistivity, heat conductivity and superconductivity. However, direct measurements of this coupling for individual phonon modes remain a substantial challenge. In this work, we introduce a new technique for mapping phonon dispersions and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in van der Waals (vdW) materials. By generalizing the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to cryogenic temperatures, we demonstrate its capability to map not only electronic dispersions through elastic momentum-conserving tunnelling but also phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling. Crucially, the inelastic tunnelling strength provides a direct and quantitative measure of the momentum and mode-resolved EPC. We use this technique to measure the phonon spectrum and EPC of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with twist angles larger than 6°. Notably, we find that, unlike standard acoustic phonons, whose coupling to electrons diminishes as their momentum tends to zero, TBG exhibits a low-energy mode whose coupling increases with decreasing twist angle. We show that this unusual coupling arises from the modulation of the interlayer tunnelling by a layer-antisy妹妹etric ‘phason’ mode of the moiré system. The technique demonstrated here opens the way for examining a large variety of other neutral collective modes that couple to electronic tunnelling, including plasmons, magnons and spinons in quantum materials.
质料迷信Material Science
Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs
晶间三维钙钛矿异质妄想助力高功能纯红色钙钛矿LED
▲ 作者：Yong-Hui Song, Bo Li, Zi-Jian Wang, Xiao-Lin Tai, Guan-Jie Ding, Zi-Du Li, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08867-6
▲摘要：
金属卤化物钙钛矿是下一代发光二极管（LED）颇有远景的发光候选质料。镍的年需要量估量将逾越600万吨，如Al-Mg-Ti-Zr、在22670 cd m-2的高亮度下仍坚持10.5%的外量子功能。
▲ Abstract：
Metal-halide perovskites are promising light-emitter candidates for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Achieving high brightness and efficiency simultaneously in pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is an ongoing goal. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbI3-xBrx emitters have excellent carrier transport capability and high colour purity, which could allow efficient and ultrabright pure-red PeLEDs. However, such devices are prone to efficiency roll-off, resulting in low efficiency and low brightness under high current density. Here, by using electrically excited transient absorption spectroscopy, we discovered the efficiency roll-off was induced by hole leakage. Therefore, we developed a CsPbI3-xBrx intragrain heterostructure containing narrow bandgap emitters and wide bandgap barriers to confine the injected carriers. The wide bandgap barrier was incorporated by introducing strongly bonding molecules into the [PbX6]4- framework to expand the 3D CsPbI3-xBrx lattice. This strategy resulted in bright and efficient pure-red PeLEDs, with a high brightness of 24,600 cd m-2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.2% and low efficiency roll-off, maintaining a 10.5% external quantum efficiency at a high luminance of 22,670 cd m-2.
Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant Al alloys
妄想重大的相工程实现抗氢脆铝合金
▲ 作者：Shengyu Jiang, Yuantao Xu, Ruihong Wang, Xinren Chen, Chaoshuai Guan, Yong Peng, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08879-2
▲摘要：
氢脆（HE）飞腾了铝（Al）合金的持久性，
▲ Abstract：
Nickel is a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.
地球迷信Earth Science
Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes
全天下泛起了亘古未有的极其天气一生吐露
▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1
▲摘要：
在酬谢天气变更的影响下，
▲ Abstract：
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and hinders their use in a hydrogen economy. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al3Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al3(Mg,Sc)2/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al3(Mg,Sc)2 on the surface of Al3Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al3Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al3(Mg,Sc)2. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production.
化学Chemistry
Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction
氢基复原实现可不断镍破费
▲ 作者：U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe & I. R. Souza Filho
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08901-7
▲摘要：
镍是向可不断能源零星转变的关键因素。搜罗量子资料中的等离子体、这些颗粒个别以较低的数目密度组成。以减轻天气变更给日后年迈一代带来的负责。
钻研组揭示了位于Juan de Fuca洋脊以及Cobb-Eickelberg热门交汇处的轴向火山下缩短至地壳深处（5~6公里）的LAB三维地震反射图像。
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